Everything about The International Working Union Of Socialist Parties totally explained
The
International Working Union of Socialist Parties (IWUSP; also known as
2½ International or the
Vienna International;
German:
Internationale Arbeitsgemeinschaft Sozialistischer Parteien, IASP) was a
political international for the co-operation of
socialist parties. IWUSP was founded on
February 27 1921 at a conference in
Vienna,
Austria by ten parties, including the
Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD), the
French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), the
Independent Labour Party (ILP), the
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (SPS), the
Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ), and the
Federation of Romanian Socialist Parties (FPSR, successor to the
Socialist Party of Romania). In April 1921, it was joined by the
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party. The
Maximalist faction of the
Italian Socialist Party (PSI) also joined.
Poale Zion (
labour Zionist) leaders
David Ben Gurion and
Shlomo Kaplansky were active in the movement behind the Two and a Half International. .
The secretary of IWUSP was the Austrian
Friedrich Adler of the SPÖ; other prominent members were
Victor Adler,
Otto Bauer and
Julius Martov. The group was heavily influenced by
Austromarxism. It published
Nachrichten der Internationalen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Sozialistischen Parteien ("News of IWUSP").
The founders of IWUSP were parties that saw neither the
reformist Second International nor the
Communist and pro-
Soviet Third International as alternatives for affiliation. The IWUSP criticized the other two Internationals for what it perceived to be
dogmatism, and advocated that more consideration should be given to the particularities of the political situation in each country. It worked for the unification of the Second and Third Internationals. From
April 2 to
April 5,
1922 a meeting was held in
Berlin with delegations from the three different international bodies to discuss a merger, but unity couldn't be achieved and the Comintern withdrew from the talks.
In Germany on
September 24,
1922, the USPD, one of the main components of IWUSP, merged with the
Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), a member of the Second International. Discouraged by the intransigent position of the Third International, at the joint congress with the Second International held in
Hamburg in May 1923 IWUSP merged with it to form the
Labour and Socialist International. Some, such as the FPSR, refused to join the new body.
In the 1930s, a similar effort was made to create an international between the reformism of the Second and the
Stalinism of the Third, as the
London Bureau of
left-wing socialist parties. Sometimes called the "Three-and-a-Half International", it involved many of the same parties.
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